Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Hypercalcemia in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (CLD) without hepatic neoplasia is a rarely reported and poorly understood entity. CLD is usually associated with hypocalcaemia because of hypoalbuminemia. Hypercalcemia on the other hand is extremely rare and needs meticulous ruling out of other causes.Case Report: A 55-year-old male who was admitted with jaundice, weight loss and hypercalcaemia. He had a calcium that peaked at 3....

Background: Primary Hyperparathyroidism is a leading cause of hypercalcaemia and is frequently asymptomatic. Due to its long-term complications, early diagnosis and management is essential. NICE published guidelines on diagnosis and management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in May 2019. The aim of this audit was to compare our existing practices against NICE guidance.Methods: We conducted retrospective data collection by identifying patients diagnosed wi...

Cigarette smoking is the major cause of disease related deaths in the world. Cigarette smoke contains many harmful chemicals, among them nicotine is the most potent one. The root cause of smoking hazards is nicotine addiction or dependence (ND). Environmental as well as genetic factors are reported to influence smoking which leads to nicotine addiction in all age groups especially. Neurexin1 is a cell adhesion protein important for synapse formation and CHRNB4 is chol...

As a lingering, often deteriorating brain disease, addiction causes neurotic drug seeking and utilization along with injurious significances to the addicts and to those living around them. Biological, genetic and a number of intrinsic and extrinsic environmental constituents are most vital in entire risk factors of drug addiction. Among addictive drugs opioid dependence is considered as the most deliberated drug abuse disorder and a major social dilemma worldwide. Opioids indu...